Active Sentence
In an active sentence, the subject of the sentence performs the action of the verb. The active sentence of a verb simply denotes the form of the verb used when the subject is the doer of the action. In most English sentences with an action verb, the subject performs the action denoted by the verb.
These examples show that the subject is doing the verb's action.
Because the subject does or "acts upon" the verb in such sentences, the sentences are said to be in the active voice.
Passive Sentence
One can change the normal word order of many active sentences (those with a direct object) so that the subject is no longer active, but is, instead, being acted upon by the verb - or passive.
Note in these examples how the subject-verb relationship has changed.
Because the subject is being "acted upon" (or is passive), such sentences are said to be in the passive voice.
NOTE: Colorful parrots live in the rainforests cannot be changed to passive voice because the sentence does not have a direct object.
To change a sentence from active to passive voice, do the following:
1. Move the active sentence's direct object into the sentence's subject slot
2. Place the active sentence's subject into a phrase beginning with the preposition by
3. Add a form of the auxiliary verb be to the main verb and change the main verb's form
Because passive voice sentences necessarily add words and change the normal doer-action-receiver of action direction, they may make the reader work harder to understand the intended meaning.
As the examples below illustrate, a sentence in active voice flows more smoothly and is easier to understand than the same sentence in passive voice.
It is generally preferable to use the ACTIVE voice.
To change a passive voice sentence into an active voice sentence, simply reverse the steps shown above.
1. Move the passive sentence's subject into the active sentence's direct object slot
2. Remove the auxiliary verb be from the main verb and change main verb's form if needed
3. Place the passive sentence's object of the preposition by into the subject slot.
Because it is more direct, most writers prefer to use the active voice whenever possible.
The passive voice may be a better choice, however, when
- the doer of the action is unknown, unwanted, or unneeded in the sentence
Examples
- the writer wishes to emphasize the action of the sentence rather than the doer of the action
Examples
Using the appropriate tense of the verb "to be" and adding the past participle usually forms a passive voice sentence. In the following examples note that the tense of the verb to be in the passive voice is the same as the tense of the main verb in the active voice.
Example verb: to keep
Verb tense or form --- active voice --- passive voice
Simple present --- keeps --- is kept
Present continuous --- is keeping --- is being kept
Simple past --- kept --- was kept
Past continuous --- was keeping --- was being kept
Present perfect --- have kept --- have been kept
Past perfect --- had kept --- had been kept
future --- will keep --- will be kept
Conditional present --- would keep --- would be kept
Conditional past --- would have kept --- would have been kept
present infinitive --- to keep --- to be kept
perfect infinitive --- to have kept --- to have been kept
present participle --- keeping --- being kept
perfect participle --- having kept --- having been kept
Example sentences:
Active: I keep the milk in the fridge.
Passive: The milk is kept in the fridge.
Active: They stole the car.
Passive: The car was stolen.
Active: They are repairing the roof.
Passive: The roof is being repaired.
Active: A dog bit him.
Passive: He was bitten by a dog.
Article
STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A questionnaire of demographic variables and measures of UE pain intensity, location, treatment, and interference with functional activities was mailed to 170 persons with SCI. Data was analyzed by descriptive and comparative statistics.
Source :
http://www.sentencemaster.ca/howtowritesentences4a.html
http://www.towson.edu/ows/activepass.htm
http://ukpmc.ac.uk/abstract/MED/10213328
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